Compare & contrast cold air vs. warm air regarding humidity
18.2
How air is heated near the surface (conduction)
Adiabatic Temperature changes Fig. 7 pg. 511
warm air rises, expands & cools
cool air sinks, compresses & warms
How is air lifted?
4 lifting mechanisms, Fig. 8 A, B, C, D pgs. 512-513
Condensation
Saturation
Condensation nuclei
18.3
Cloud types & classification schemes
Fog
Precipitation
Cold-cloud precipitation
freezing nuclei come in contact with supercooled water droplets which freeze instantly onto the nuclei -> this process continues to occur until a snow crystal is formed and falls out of the cloud due to the force of gravity or downdraft winds
Warm-cloud precipitation
water droplets collide with other water droplets until they are massive enough to be pulled out of the air by gravity
Question: Why does the amount of water vapor that can exist in 1kg of air change with temperature? Answer
Clouds & Cloud Formation: (Videos for Video Quest 12/11/14)
VQV#1:
VQV#2:
WHY?An adiabatic process is one in which no heat is gained or lost by the system. An adiabatic process may be accomplished by thermal insulation or by making rapid changes in volume so that there is no time for heat to be exchanged. The first law of thermodynamics with Q=0 shows that all the change in internal energy is in the form of work done DU = -A. When a gas expands adiabatically it does positive work. The internal energy drops and the temperature drops too. On the contrary, when gas is compressed it does the negative work and the temperature rises. Temperature is the measure of kinetic energy of chaotic motion of the molecules. Higher temperatures correspond to more intense motion of the gas molecules. On a microscopic level it means that when the piston compresses a gas, the speed at which the molecule will be reflected from the piston will be greater than its initial speed. Therefore after reflection from the piston the molecule of gas will receive an additional energy which will be redistributed with time between all molecules of gas due to their mutual collisions.
18.1
- Water's Changes of State (of matter) Fig. 2 pg. 505
- Concept of Humidity
- Saturation
- Relative Humidity & factors that influence RH (Fig. 3 pg. 507)
- temperature & amount of water vapor
- Dew Point
- Measuring Humidity (Hygrometer)
- Compare & contrast cold air vs. warm air regarding humidity
18.2- How air is heated near the surface (conduction)
- Adiabatic Temperature changes Fig. 7 pg. 511
- warm air rises, expands & cools
- cool air sinks, compresses & warms
- How is air lifted?
- 4 lifting mechanisms, Fig. 8 A, B, C, D pgs. 512-513
- Condensation
- Saturation
- Condensation nuclei
18.3Water!
USGS Water in the Atmosphere
Hydrologic Cycle
States of Matter:
Water in the Atmosphere:
Question: Why does the amount of water vapor that can exist in 1kg of air change with temperature? Answer
Clouds & Cloud Formation: (Videos for Video Quest 12/11/14)
VQV#1:
VQV#2:
WHY?An adiabatic process is one in which no heat is gained or lost by the system. An adiabatic process may be accomplished by thermal insulation or by making rapid changes in volume so that there is no time for heat to be exchanged. The first law of thermodynamics with Q=0 shows that all the change in internal energy is in the form of work done DU = -A. When a gas expands adiabatically it does positive work. The internal energy drops and the temperature drops too. On the contrary, when gas is compressed it does the negative work and the temperature rises. Temperature is the measure of kinetic energy of chaotic motion of the molecules. Higher temperatures correspond to more intense motion of the gas molecules. On a microscopic level it means that when the piston compresses a gas, the speed at which the molecule will be reflected from the piston will be greater than its initial speed. Therefore after reflection from the piston the molecule of gas will receive an additional energy which will be redistributed with time between all molecules of gas due to their mutual collisions.
VQV#3:
Cloud Classification
National Geographic Clouds Article
National Geographic Clouds Photo Gallery
Top Ten Amazing Cloud Formations
VQV#4:
VQV#5:
VQV#6:
VQV#7:
VQV#8:
Clouds and Cloud Formations
Precipitation: